Medicinal implant cartridge

ABSTRACT

The invention includes a cartridge for use in a device for inserting a medicament within a body cavity of a mammal, the cartridge including a housing, a retractable chamber disposed within the housing and having a lumen having a uniform cross-section sized to contain the medicament therein, a substantially stationary member disposed within the lumen of the retractable chamber and having a uniform cross-section sized to provide a sliding fit within the lumen suitable to provide for retraction of the retractable chamber about the substantially stationary member upon actuation of the device; and means for retracting the retractable chamber about the substantially stationary member while maintaining the substantially stationary member in a substantially stationary position upon actuation of the device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a cartridge for use in a device forinserting a medicament into a cavity of a mammal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Periodontal disease is a general term for a variety of dental conditionsassociated with either gingivitis or periodontitis. Gingivitis is aninflammation of the gingiva, or gums. It is commonly associated withpoor oral hygiene and/or the hormonal state of the patient. If leftuntreated, gingivitis may develop into periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a bacterial disease in which the infection hasprogressed to involve the oral tissues that retain the teeth in thejawbone. With this disease the gums become red and inflamed. Thiscondition, if untreated, results in damage to the ligaments and boneholding the teeth in place, and formation of pockets around the teeth.As the pockets become deeper, teeth loosen, to a point where they mayfall out. Dental practitioners determine the severity of periodontitis,by measuring the depth of these pockets and reviewing x-rays of theteeth and surrounding bone.

Periodontal disease involves a different treatment protocol than otheroral diseases. While many oral diseases can be treated with properhygiene, fluoride, pastes, washes and rinses, periodontal disease isoften resistant to this treatment. This is because of differencesbetween the oral and periodontal cavities. The oral cavity isessentially an aerobic environment, constantly perfused by saliva. Incontrast, the periodontal cavity is more anaerobic, and is perfused byplasma filtrate, known as “crevicular fluid”. The growth ofmicroorganisms within the periodontal cavity microenvironment may causeperiodontal disease. As the disease progresses, the periodontalmicroenvironment becomes more anaerobic, and the flow of crevicularfluid increases.

Efforts to treat periodontal disease have met with limited degrees ofsuccess. This is because the site of the bacterial infections in theperiodontal cavity are largely inaccessible to agents present in theoral cavity as well as agents provided to the oral cavity, such asmouthwashes, rinses and the like. Moreover, the increased outflow ofcrevicular fluid that accompanies periodontal disease inhibitstherapeutic agents placed into the oral cavity from entering thepockets.

Oral systemic administration of antibiotics has been shown to be auseful method of controlling subgingival flora in some cases. However,because of side effects, such as those of the digestive system, oralsystemic administration has had only limited use in treating periodontaldisease. Oral systemic therapy also requires frequent dosing; so patientcompliance is frequently a problem.

Recently, efforts have focused on delivering therapeutic agents directlyto these pockets, in some cases, in a controlled release formulation. Ingeneral, administration of agents directly to the pocket permits higherlocal drug concentrations that can be safely achieved by systemicadministration. Also, some agents such as growth factors must beadministered directly to the target site, i.e., the periodontal pocket.Also, as these products are typically administered by dentalprofessionals, patient compliance is not an issue.

Administration of microparticles in dry form to the periodontal pocketby use of an apparatus has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,236,355,5,366,733 and 5,622,498, all to Brizzolara, et al., and U.S. Pat. No.6,682,348, to Lawter, et al., the contents each of which areincorporated by reference herein. These patents disclose treating dentaldiseases by administration of dry microparticles to the periodontalpocket. Microparticles suitable for this purpose may have compositions,as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,000,886, 5,143,661 and 5,500,228, allto Lawter, et al., all three of these patents are incorporated byreference herein, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,236,355, 5,366,733 and 5,622,498,all to Brizzolara, et al., and may be produced by the methods disclosedin the aforementioned six U.S. patents.

The apparatus described in the above listed patents delivermicroparticles by use of a plunger to push microparticles out of ahollow cannula. The outlet of the cannula is inserted into a periodontalpocket prior to delivery of the microparticles. During administration ofmicroparticles with such a device, there is a tendency to push thecannula outlet against tissue in the bottom of the periodontal pocketwhile pushing on the plunger. Tissue may block the outlet and increasethe force required to push the microparticles out. At high doses ofmicroparticles in a dry powder form, the force may be too large toeasily push out the medicament, since the force required to expel a drypowder will increase rapidly with the length of the powder column. Thiseffect may be overcome to some extent by increasing the interiordiameter of the tip. However, when it is desired to delivermicroparticles to a body cavity of small dimensions such as aperiodontal pocket, there are limitations on the diameter of the tip.Thus, there is a need for improved devices for delivering medicaments toperiodontal pockets of a human or animal. There is also a need for adevice that provides the ability to administer multiple doses of amedicament.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a cartridge for use in a device forinserting a medicament within a body cavity of a mammal, e.g. theperiodontal pocket of a human or animal. The cartridge for inserting themedicament includes a housing comprising a proximal portion and a distalportion, a retractable chamber disposed within the housing, asubstantially stationary member disposed within the lumen of theretractable chamber, and means for retracting the retractable chamberabout the substantially stationary member while maintaining thesubstantially stationary member in a substantially stationary positionupon actuation of the device. The retractable chamber has a distal end,an internal surface, an external surface and a lumen with a uniformcross-section sized to contain the medicament therein, the lumen definedby the internal surface. The retractable chamber is sized to fit withinand extend from the distal portion of the housing. The substantiallystationary member, disposed within the lumen of the retractable chamberhas a uniform cross-section sized to provide a sliding fit within thelumen suitable to provide for retraction of the retractable chamberabout the substantially stationary member upon actuation of the device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 a is a cross-sectional side view of a distal portion of a chambercontaining a medicament disposed therein in accordance with oneembodiment of the invention, prior to delivery of the medicament intothe body of a mammal;

FIG. 1 b is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 1 aplaced at the site of delivery of medicament;

FIG. 1 c is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 1 b afterretraction of the chamber;

FIG. 1 d is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 1 c uponremoval from the mammal after delivery of medicament to the mammal;

FIG. 2 a is a cross-sectional side view of a distal portion of a chambercontaining multiple doses of a medicament disposed therein in accordancewith one embodiment of the invention, prior to delivery of themedicament into the body of a mammal;

FIG. 2 b is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 2 aplaced at the site of delivery of the first dose of medicament;

FIG. 2 c is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 2 b afterretraction of the chamber;

FIG. 2 d is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 2 c uponremoval from the mammal after delivery of the first dose of medicamentto the mammal;

FIG. 2 e is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 2 dplaced at the site of delivery of the second dose of medicament;

FIG. 2 f is a cross-sectional side view of the chamber of FIG. 2 e afterretraction of the chamber;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a cartridge in accordance with oneembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the cartridge of FIG. 3 afterassembly;

FIG. 5 a is a cross-sectional side view of the proximal portion of acartridge and the distal portion of an actuator according to oneembodiment of the invention prior to connection;

FIG. 5 b is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 5 a after connection;

FIG. 6 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of a device according tothe present invention, prior to delivery of a first dose of themedicament;

FIG. 6 b is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 6 a after delivery ofthe first dose of medicament;

FIG. 6 c is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 6 b when reset fordelivery of a second dose of medicament;

FIG. 6 d is a cross-sectional enlarged side view of the distal end ofthe medicament delivery device shown in FIG. 6 a;

FIG. 6 e is a cross-sectional enlarged side view of the distal end ofthe medicament delivery device shown in FIG. 6 b;

FIG. 6 f is a cross-sectional enlarged side view of the distal end ofthe medicament delivery device shown in FIG. 6 c;

FIG. 7 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of a second exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention, prior to delivery of a first dose of the medicament;

FIG. 7 b is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 7 a after delivery ofthe first dose of medicament;

FIG. 7 c is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 7 b when reset fordelivery of a second dose of medicament;

FIG. 8 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of a third exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention, prior to delivery of a first dose of the medicament;

FIG. 8 b is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 8 a after delivery ofthe first dose of medicament;

FIG. 9 a is a partially open side view of a fourth exemplary embodimentof the medicament delivery device according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 b is a cross-sectional side view of a fourth embodiment of themedicament delivery device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 a is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 b is a partial cross-sectional side view of a fifth embodimentof the medicament delivery device according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of sixth exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention, prior to connection between the cartridge and the actuator;

FIG. 11 b is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 a, after theconnection between the cartridge and the actuator, and prior to deliveryof a first dose of the medicament;

FIG. 11 c is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 b as delivery of thefirst dose of medicament is performed;

FIG. 11 d is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 c after delivery ofthe first dose of medicament;

FIG. 11 e is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 d when reset fordelivery of a second dose of medicament;

FIG. 11 f is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 e as delivery of thesecond dose of medicament is performed;

FIG. 11 g is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 f after delivery ofthe second dose of medicament;

FIG. 11 h is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 g when reset fordelivery of a third dose of medicament;

FIG. 11 i is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 h as delivery of thethird dose of medicament is performed;

FIG. 11 j is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 11 i after delivery ofthe third dose of medicament;

FIG. 12 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of seventh exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention, prior to connection between the cartridge and the actuator;

FIG. 12 b is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 12 a, after theconnection between the cartridge and the actuator, and prior to deliveryof a first dose of the medicament;

FIG. 12 c is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 12 b after delivery ofthe first dose of medicament;

FIG. 12 d is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 12 c when reset fordelivery of a second dose of medicament; and

FIG. 12 e is a cross-sectional side view of FIG. 12 d after delivery ofthe second dose of medicament.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to devices used to administer medicamentsinto a body cavity of a mammal, e.g. the periodontal pocket of a humanor animal. The devices may contain a single dose or multiple doses ofmedicament, for example in solid powder form, as discussed herein. Suchdevices include a cartridge for housing a retractable chamber, theretractable chamber for containing medicament, and an actuator forplacing the device in operation once the distal portion of themedicament-containing chamber is inserted within the body cavity, thusproviding for delivery of the medicament within the body cavity. Incertain embodiments, devices may include a sealing means, such as agasket, to prevent backflow of the medicament between the internalsurface of the chamber and the substantially stationary member uponoperation of the device. Devices of the present invention areparticularly useful and advantageous for administration of a medicamentto the periodontal pocket of a mammal for treatment of periodontitis.

In practice, the medicament is placed within the retractable chamber andthe chamber then is placed within the cartridge. The cartridge then isconnected to the actuator in operational engagement. The distal tip ofthe retractable chamber extending beyond the distal end of the cartridgeis placed within the body cavity at the desired site of delivery ofmedicament. The actuator then is employed in cooperation with thecartridge to retract the chamber away from the delivery site in adirection towards the actuator. Upon retraction of the chamber, thesubstantially stationary member (hereinafter SSM) within the chamberthat is in contact with the medicament maintains the medicament at thedelivery site, thus leaving the medicament that was disposed within thetip of the chamber in the body cavity at the desired delivery site.Cartridges used in devices of the present invention are replaceable andmay include a single or multiple doses of medicament contained therein.Multiple doses are advantageous, as a single cartridge may be employedto deliver medicament to multiple delivery sites prior to replacement.This is particularly advantageous for administration of a medicament tothe periodontal pocket of a human for treatment of periodontitis, wheredelivery at multiple sites often is required and discomfort of thepatient may be a substantial issue. The chamber used in devicesaccording to the present invention, may be in the form of a retractable,cannulated barrel, where the barrel has an outer surface and an innersurface forming the body of the barrel. The lumen of the barrel then isdefined by the configuration of the inner surface. Devices also includean SSM disposed within the lumen of the barrel. The respectivecross-sections of the lumen of the barrel and the SSM are sized toprovide a slidable fit between the inner surface of the barrel and theouter surface of the SSM. By slidable fit, it is meant that co-axialmovement of the barrel relative to the SSM may be accomplished withoutuse of excessive force, while maintaining a spatial relationship betweenthe inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the SSM, so asto avoid unnecessary movement or “wobbling” of the SSM within thebarrel. Upon activation of the device, the barrel slides about the SSMin a lateral direction away from the body cavity, towards the distal endof the device, while the SSM itself remains substantially stationary. Bysubstantially stationary, it is meant that, upon activation of thedevice to deliver the medicament to the body cavity, the SSM remains ina substantially stationary position in relation to the device itself andto the point within the body cavity at which the medicament is beingdelivered. While some movement of the SSM relative to the insertion sitemight occur, any such movement should not be sufficient to cause tissueto block the outlet of the barrel or to appreciably increase the forcerequired to deliver the medicament at the site of insertion. This isparticularly advantageous where the medicament may be in the form of adry solid powder, such as a dry microparticle powder or microspheres.

Typically, but optionally, additives, such as diluents, carriers,excipients, stabilizers or the like may be included in the formulation.

In one embodiment, medicaments may be in the form of a particulatecomposition, such as a dry microparticle powder composition in asufficient treatment quantity. For example, the composition can beARESTIN® minocycline Hydrochloride (HCl) microspheres, available fromOraPharma, Inc., Warminster, Pa., for example, in a 1 mg dosage, orthose compositions as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,000,886, 5,143,661,5,236,355, 5,366,733, 5,500,228, and 5,622,498, all six disclosures ofwhich are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. Thesecompositions may comprise matrices of biocompatible and biodegradablepolymers, in accordance with the disclosure of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,236,355,5,366,733, 5,500,228, and 5,622,498.

For example, dry microparticle compositions may include therapeuticagents, such as antibacterials, antibiotics, antifungal agents,anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressive agents, immunostimulatoryagents, dentinal desensitizers, odor masking agents, immune reagents,anesthetics, antiseptics, nutritional agents, antioxidants,lipopolysaccharide complexing agents, peroxides, growth factors, ormixtures thereof. The therapeutic agent could also have antibioticactivity.

Exemplary therapeutic agents may be antibiotics such as tetracycline, apharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tetracycline, hydrates of atetracycline and hydrates of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of atetracycline. The tetracyclines may be doxycycline, a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of doxycycline, hydrates of doxycycline and hydrates ofa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of doxycycline. Also, thetetracycline may be minocycline, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ofminocycline, hydrates of minocycline and hydrates of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of minocycline.

These exemplary therapeutic agents may be present in the form ofparticles within the medicament. They can typically range from about0.00001 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of theparticles or from about 1 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts byweight of the particles, or more particularly from about 4 to about 40parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the particles.

Alternatively, the therapeutic agent may be present in the medicament asa liquid or gas.

Polymers for the aforementioned matrices may include polyglycolide,poly(1-lactide), poly(dl)lactide, poly(glycolide-co-lactide), poly(glycolide-co-lactide), poly(hydroxybutyric acid, poly(orthoesters),poly(p-dioxanone) and mixtures thereof. The polymers can also be blockcopolymers of polyglycolide, trimethylene carbonate and polyethyleneoxide or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers. The polymers canalso be biopolymers and their derivatives including cellulose, cellulosederivatives (oxidized regenerated cellulose), starch, gelatin, chitosan,and hyaluronan. These polymers may also be such that they become tackyupon contact with water.

The aforementioned particles of particulate compositions includingtherapeutic agents may, for example, have particles with diametersranging from about 0.1 to about 1,000 microns, or from about 10 to about200 microns, or from about 20 to about 120 microns.

While the figures are presented as exemplary embodiments of theinventions, they are not intended to limit the scope of the invention orthe claims appended hereto. Use of the same reference symbols indifferent figures indicates similar or identical items.

One embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 a. FIG. 1 ais a cross-sectional side view of a distal portion of retractablechamber 10, in the form of retractable barrel 20 for holding a dose ofmedicament 40. Medicament 40 is disposed in the lumen defined by theinternal surface 28 of barrel 20. Substantially stationary member (SSM)30 is disposed within barrel 20. Barrel 20 is cannulated to allowpassage co-axially about SSM 30, and has proximal 22 and distal 24 ends,as well as a distal opening 26. SSM 30 is shown to have distal face 32.Medicament 40 is located in cannulated barrel 20, and has proximal 42and distal 44 interfaces. The proximal interface 42 is in contact withdistal face 32 of SSM 30. The cross-sectional dimensions, e.g. thediameter, of the lumen of barrel 20 relative to the cross-sectionaldimension of SSM 30 is such that barrel 20 may move co-axially about SSM30 in a sliding fit without medicament 40 leaking between SSM 30 andinner surface 28 of barrel 20, and provide for retraction of barrel 20around SSM 30. This is particularly applicable to medicaments in powderform. The cross-sectional shape of SSM 30 and lumen of barrel 20 may behexagonal, octagonal, elliptical or any other shape, with a circularcross-sectional shape being preferred. In one embodiment, SSM 30 has abell shaped feature (not shown) on the both ends to create seals withbarrel 20.

Suitable materials from which barrel 20 and SSM 30 may be formed includeglasses, non-corrodible metals, synthetic resins such as plastics, andthe like. These materials may be used alone or in combination. If thedevice components are made of glasses, non-corrodible metals, orsterilizable synthetic resins, they may be used repeatedly by performingsterilization. Preferably, barrel 20 and SSM 30 are formed fromsynthetic resins such as plastics. Plastics may include polyethylene,polypropylene, and polycarbonate.

FIGS. 1 a to 1 d show the steps in the delivery of medicament 40 to adelivery site 70 of a patient. In this embodiment, delivery site 70 isin the form of a pocket between a first tissue 74, for example a gum,and a second tissue 76, for example a tooth, such as a periodontalpocket in a mammal. FIG. 1 a show chamber 10 prior to delivery, whereproximal interface 42 of medicament 40 is in contact with distal face 32of SSM 30. In the first step, chamber 10 is placed at delivery site 70by inserting distal end 24 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1 binto site 70. Now, SSM 30 is held substantially stationary while barrel20 is retracted about SSM 30 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1 c.Medicament 40 is delivered from the barrel distal opening 26 byretracting barrel 20. Medicament 40 is fully administered when distalend 24 of barrel 20 reaches distal face 32 of SSM 30. Finally, chamber10 is removed from delivery site 70 (see FIG. 1 d) in a distal toproximal direction, leaving medicament 40 at delivery site 70.

An alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 a.FIG. 2 a is similar to FIG. 1 a, except that multiple doses 40, 50, and60 are located in the lumen (defined by the internal surface of barrel20) of retractable barrel 20. Additional doses of medicament may bedisposed within barrel 20, for example four or more doses. Secondmedicament dose 50 has proximal 52 and distal 54 interfaces. Thirdmedicament dose 60 has proximal 62 and distal 64 interfaces. Second andthird medicament doses 50 and 60 may be comprised of the sameformulation as first medicament dose 40, or of a different formulationthan first medicament dose 40. The embodiment as shown in FIG. 2 aallows for the delivery of multiple doses of medicament.

FIGS. 2 a to 2 f show the steps in the delivery of medicament doses 40and 50 to first delivery site 70 and second delivery site 72,respectively. In this embodiment, first delivery site 70 is in the formof a pocket between a first tissue 74 and a second tissue 76, whilesecond delivery site 72 is in the form of a pocket between a secondtissue 76 and a third tissue 78. First delivery site 70 and seconddelivery site 72 may be, for example periodontal pockets in a mammal.FIG. 2 a shows chamber 10 prior to delivery, where proximal interface 42of first medicament dose 40 is in contact with distal interface 54 ofsecond medicament dose 50 and proximal face 52 of second medicament dose50 is in contact with distal face 64 of third medicament dose 60. In thefirst step, chamber 10 is placed at delivery site 70 (see FIG. 2 b).Now, SSM 30 is held substantially stationary while barrel 20 isretracted in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 c. First medicamentdose 40 is delivered from the barrel distal opening 26 by retractingbarrel 20. First medicament dose 40 is fully administered when distalface 54 of second medicament dose 50 reaches distal end 24 of barrel 20.Next, chamber 10 is removed from delivery site 70 (see FIG. 2 d) from adistal to proximal direction, leaving first medicament dose 40 atdelivery site 70. Next, chamber 10 is aligned for next delivery and thenplaced at delivery site 72 (see FIG. 2 e). Now, SSM 30 is heldsubstantially stationary while barrel 20 is retracted in the directionof the arrow in FIG. 2 f. Second medicament dose 50 is delivered fromthe barrel distal opening 26 by retracting barrel 20. Second medicamentdose 50 is fully administered when proximal face 52 of second medicamentdose 50 reaches distal end 24 of barrel 20. Next, chamber 10 is removedfrom delivery site 72 from a distal to proximal direction, leavingsecond medicament dose 50 at delivery site 72. This process may berepeated depending on the desired number of doses of medicament to beadministered.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a cartridge in accordance with oneembodiment of the invention. Such cartridges will include a housinghaving disposed therein a retractable chamber for containing medicament,a substantially stationary member (SSM) disposed within the retractablechamber and means for retracting the chamber. Components of cartridge100 include housing 110, retractable chamber in the form of barrel 130,cartridge spring 150 disposed about barrel 130 for enabling barrel 130to retract upon actuation of the device, and substantially stationarymember (SSM) 160 disposed within barrel 130. Optionally, cartridge 100may have retaining cap 170 to protect the medicament from contamination.All components of cartridge 100 may be made from stainless steel orknown plastics, or, optionally, any material that can be sterilized.Plastics may include polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate. Theretaining cap may be made of an elastic material, such as rubber,thermoplastic elastomer or silicone rubber. Barrel 130 may optionallycontain a lubricant to facilitate delivery of the medicament. Thelubricant may be applied to the surfaces of the barrel or may beincluded as a slip agent in a resin used to manufacture the part byinjection molding. Suitable slip agents include oleamide.

A cross-sectional side view of cartridge 100 useful in the presentinvention is shown in FIG. 4. As shown, cartridge 100 includes housing110, retractable chamber in the form of barrel 130 disposed withinhousing 110, spring 150 disposed about barrel 130 for retracting barrel130 upon actuation of the device and SSM 160 disposed within barrel 130.Barrel 130 is sized to fit slidably within housing 110. Barrel 130includes proximal end 132 and distal end 134, and barrel extension 135.Medicament (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) is located in the cannulation orlumen 136 of barrel 130. Distal end 134 of barrel 130 includes distaltip 138 and distal opening 142. When the cartridge is in loadedengagement with an actuator, i.e. ready to dispense medicament, spring150 biases barrel 130 towards proximal end 114 of housing 110 to providea retracting motion for barrel 130 when actuated.

Housing 110 may be made from the same materials as barrel 130. Housing110 includes proximal end 112 and tapered distal end 114. Though notshown, distal end 114 of housing 110 may have a bend of approximately 50degrees to facilitate entry of distal tip 138 of barrel 130 into thebody cavity. In such cases, barrel 130 will be made from a plastic andwill be flexible so as to traverse the housing. Housing 110 may includemeans for finger gripping such as fins 116, which enable the barrel tobe rotated. Housing 110 may contain means for retaining cap 170 toprotect the medicament from contamination, such as snap ring 118 locatedon distal end 114. Housing 110 may include means for limiting the motionof barrel 130, such as slots 122 that align with barrel extension 135.Proximal end 112 of housing 110 may include means for attachingcartridge 100 to an actuator (not shown), such as fingers 124 withflanges 126, which engage an undercut on the tip of the actuator.

Dispensing medicament from cartridge 100 of the present invention iseffected by an actuator used in operational engagement with thecartridge. FIGS. 5 a and 5 b are cross-sectional side views of aproximal portion of cartridge 100 and a distal portion of actuator 170shown prior to and after connection of the two parts. The figures show aproximal portion of cartridge 100, including housing 110, retractablechamber in the form of barrel 130, retracting spring 150 disposed aboutbarrel 130, and SSM 160 disposed within barrel 130. Barrel extension 135and proximal end 132 of barrel are also shown. The figures also show aportion of actuator 170, including tube tip 172 and inner sleeve 180.Inner sleeve shoulder 186 and inner sleeve distal end 184 are alsoshown.

As shown in FIG. 5 a, proximal end 132 of barrel 130 is aligned withinner sleeve distal end 184 prior to connection between cartridge 100and actuator 170. The opening at proximal end 132 of barrel 130 andinner sleeve distal end 184 are tapered to allow a male to female fit ofinner sleeve 180 to barrel 130.

To complete the connection of actuator 170 to cartridge 100, actuator170 may be moved distally (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 5 b)while cartridge 100 is kept substantially stationary. The actuator andcartridge may also be brought together by holding the actuatorsubstantially stationary while moving the cartridge, or by bringing thetwo together in relative motion. After connection between cartridge 100and actuator 170, proximal end 132 of barrel 130 is aligned with innersleeve shoulder 186. During the actuator-to-cartridge connection, SSM160 moves distally (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 5 b) withinbarrel 130, compacting the medicament (not shown) located in the lumenat the distal end of barrel 130. Compacting may be necessary, dependingon the properties of the medicament, in those cases where delivery ofmultiple substantially equal doses is important. For example, powdersmay benefit from this compacting, ensuring a consistent powder densityfrom dose to dose.

FIG. 6 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of an exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention. The figure shows device 200 comprised of cartridge 100 and afirst embodiment actuator 210, which provides means for activating themeans for retracting retractable barrel 130. The cartridge is as shownin FIGS. 3-5 b and described previously herein. Actuator 210 comprisesan outer handle case 212. The handle case, as well as all othercomponents of actuator 210, may be made from stainless steel, but couldbe made of any material that can be sterilized. Actuator 210 may besterilized between use on different patients to avoid diseasetransmission. Handle case 212 may be formed as two pieces that can beaffixed together, e.g. by a screw, and is designed to provide means forgripping the actuator. Handle case 212 has a proximal portion 214 forgripping and a distal portion 216 having means for connecting tocartridge 100. One suitable means for connecting the cartridge with theactuator is a tube tip 230, which is positioned at the distal portion216 of the actuator 210. Tube tip 230 may be connected to the handle bythreading it onto handle case 212. The tube tip may have an undercut 232on its inner surface to retain cartridge 100.

In this first embodiment, actuator 210 converts a rotational motion tolinear motion. Actuator 210 has an operating lever 220 located on theupper surface at distal portion 216 of handle case 212. Operating lever220 has a finger-manipulating portion 222, and pin 224 and lobe 226 forcreating linear motion from rotational motion. Within handle case 212 isa cannulated inner sleeve 240 having a proximal portion 242, a tapereddistal portion 244 for interfacing inner sleeve 240 with barrelextension 135 of barrel 130, and a vertical wall with flat surface 246for engaging lobe 226 of operating lever 220.

Within the cannulation of inner sleeve 240 is inner sleeve spring 248,and inner ratchet 250 with at least one step 252 (three steps shown inFIG. 6 a). The inner sleeve contains a recess for connecting a ratchetpawl 254 to the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve also contains a slot formaintaining the orientation between the pawl and the ratchet 250. A pawlspring 256 connects ratchet pawl 254 to a pin 255 in handle case 212.Pawl spring 256 biases ratchet pawl 254 to remain engaged with firstratchet step 252. The axial movement of ratchet pawl 254 is limited bypawl pin 258. The distal end of inner ratchet 250 is engaged with theproximal end of SSM 160. Inner sleeve spring 248 is located within thecannulation of inner sleeve 240, surrounding distal portion of innerratchet 250 and biasing the inner ratchet towards the proximal end 214of handle case 212.

The proximal portion 251 of ratchet 250 is placed in a clutch 266. Theclutch 266 pivots about a pin 267 located on the handle case 212 tocreate an immobilized condition, which controls the motion of theratchet only. A clutch rotational lever 262 rotates around a pin 263mounted in handle case 212. The clutch rotational lever is connected tothe clutch 266 via a spring 264, and controls the immobilized conditionof clutch 266. The proximal portion 242 of inner sleeve 240 has a stopwasher 268 for engaging a main return spring 272. Main return spring 272is between stop washer 268 and proximal end 214 of handle case 212 andbiases inner sleeve 240 towards distal end 216 of handle case 212.

FIGS. 6 a and 6 d show medicament delivery device 200 according to thepresent invention, prior to delivery of a first dose of the medicament.At this point, clutch 266 is in the immobilized condition, preventingthe movement of ratchet 250. A dose of medicament 140 is delivered bypressing down the lever 220 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6 b.The rotary movement of lever 220 around pin 224 converts to a linearrearward (distal to proximal) motion of inner sleeve 240 via cam action.As mentioned earlier, proximal end 132 of barrel 130 is aligned withinner sleeve shoulder 186 (see FIG. 5 b). Cartridge spring 150 biasesbarrel 130 towards proximal end 132 to provide a distal to proximal(rearward) motion for barrel 130 when inner sleeve 240 moves towardsproximal end 214 of handle case 212. At this point ratchet 250, which isengaged with the proximal end of substantially stationary member (SSM)160, is in the immobilized condition, so ratchet 250 and SSM 160 remainin a relative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 as barrel130 moves towards proximal end 214 of handle case 212. The retractingmotion of barrel 130 releases medicament 140 from distal opening 142 ofbarrel 130, delivering the medicament to the delivery site as shown inFIG. 6 e.

Upon rearward motion (distal to proximal) of the inner sleeve, ratchetpawl 254 is lifted by pawl pin 258 to release pawl 254 from firstratchet tooth 252, and move it to the second ratchet tooth 252. Theaxial movement of ratchet pawl 254 is then limited by pawl pin 258. Pawlspring 256 is now extended, and biases ratchet pawl 254 to remainengaged with second ratchet step 252. The motion of inner sleeve 240also rotates clutch rotational lever 262, pulling clutch 266 to theproximal direction to release the immobilized condition. Inner sleevespring 248 and main return spring 272 are now compressed.

Once medicament dose has been delivered, medicament delivery device 200may be reset to prepare for next medicament delivery. Device 200 isreset by allowing lever 220 to move in the direction of the arrow inFIG. 6 c. Inner sleeve 240 moves towards distal end 216 of handle case212 due to the force exerted by the relaxation of main return spring272. Since ratchet 250, which is engaged with the proximal end of SSM160, is no longer in the immobilized condition, ratchet 250 and SSM 160move with inner sleeve 240 towards distal end 216 of handle case 212. Asa result, distal end 134 of barrel 130 moves distally from distal end114 of housing 110. Ratchet pawl 254 returns to its starting position,its axial movement limited by pawl pin 258. Pawl spring 256 also relaxesto its starting position. Device 200 is now reset for delivery of nextdose of medicament.

FIG. 7 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of a second exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention. The figure shows device 300 comprised of cartridge 100 (asshown in FIG. 4) and second embodiment actuator 310, which providesmeans for activating the means for retracting retractable barrel 30.

Actuator 310 is made with a handle case 312 and handle 313. Allcomponents of actuator 310 may be made from stainless steel, but couldbe made of any material that can be sterilized. Handle case and handlemay be formed as two pieces that can be screwed together. Handle case312 has a proximal portion 314 and a distal portion 316 having means forattaching cartridge 100. One suitable means for attaching the cartridgeis a tube tip 330, which is positioned at the distal portion 316 of theactuator device and may be attached to the handle by threading it ontohandle case 312. The tube tip may have an undercut 332 on its innersurface to retain cartridge 100.

In this second embodiment, actuator 310 converts a rotational motion tolinear motion. Actuator 310 has a trigger 320 located on the bottomsurface near distal portion 316 of handle case 312. Trigger 320 has afinger manipulating portion 322, connection pin 324 located in triggerslot 325, rotation pin 326 fixing trigger to handle case 312, triggerspring 328, which biases trigger towards distal portion 316 of handlecase 312, and trigger stop 329. Within handle case 312 is a cannulatedinner sleeve 340 having a proximal portion 342, a tapered distal portion344 for interfacing inner sleeve 340 with barrel extension 135 of barrel130. Trigger 320 is engaged with inner sleeve 340 via connection pin324.

Within the cannulation of inner sleeve 340 is inner sleeve spring 348,and inner ratchet 350 with at least one step 352 (three steps shown inFIG. 7 a). The inner sleeve contains a recess for connecting a ratchetpawl 354 to the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve also contains a slot formaintaining the orientation between the pawl and the ratchet via a pin.A pawl spring 356 connects ratchet pawl 354 to a pin 355 in handle case312. Pawl spring 356 biases ratchet pawl 354 to remain engaged withfirst ratchet step 352. The axial movement of ratchet pawl 354 islimited by pawl pin 358. The distal end of inner ratchet 350 is engagedwith the proximal end of substantially stationary member (SSM) 160.Inner sleeve spring 348 is located within the cannulation of innersleeve 340, surrounding distal portion of inner ratchet 350 and biasingthe inner ratchet towards the proximal end 314 of handle case 312.

The central portion of the ratchet is placed in a clutch 366. The clutch366 pivots about a pin 367 located on the handle case 312 to create animmobilized condition, which controls the motion of the ratchet only. Aclutch rotational lever 362 rotates around a pin 363 mounted in handlecase 312. The clutch rotational lever is connected to the clutch 366 viaa spring 364, and controls the immobilized condition of clutch 366.

FIG. 7 a shows medicament delivery device 300 according to the secondembodiment of the present invention, prior to delivery of a first doseof the medicament. At this point, clutch 366 is in the immobilizedcondition, preventing the movement of ratchet 350. A dose of medicament140 is delivered by pressing trigger 320 in the direction of the arrowin FIG. 7 b. As trigger 320 is engaged with inner sleeve 340 viaconnection pin 324, the rotary movement of trigger 320 around pin 326converts to a linear rearward (distal to proximal) motion of innersleeve 340. As mentioned earlier, proximal end 132 of barrel 130 isaligned with inner sleeve shoulder 186 (see FIG. 5 b). Cartridge spring150 biases barrel 130 towards proximal end 132 to provide a distal toproximal (rearward) motion for barrel 130 when inner sleeve 340 movestowards proximal end 314 of handle case 312. At this point ratchet 350,which is engaged with the proximal end of SSM 160, is in the immobilizedcondition, so ratchet 350 and SSM 160 remain in a relative stationaryposition with respect to barrel 130 as barrel 130 moves towards proximalend 314 of handle case 312. The retracting motion of barrel 130 releasesmedicament 140 from distal opening 142 of barrel 130, delivering themedicament to the delivery site.

Upon rearward motion (distal to proximal) of the inner sleeve, ratchetpawl 354 is lifted by pawl pin 358 to release the pawl foot from firstratchet tooth 352, and move it to the second ratchet tooth 352. Theaxial movement of ratchet pawl 354 is then limited by pawl pin 358. Pawlspring 356 is now extended, and biases ratchet pawl 354 to remainengaged with second ratchet step 352. The motion of inner sleeve 340also rotates clutch rotational lever 362, pulling clutch 366 to theproximal direction to release the immobilized condition. Inner sleevespring 348 is compressed and trigger spring 328 is elongated. Rearwardmotion (distal to proximal) of trigger 320 is limited by trigger stop329.

Once medicament dose has been delivered, medicament delivery device 300may be reset to prepare for next medicament delivery. Device 300 isreset by releasing trigger 320, which moves in the direction of thearrow in FIG. 7 c. Inner sleeve 340 moves towards distal end 316 ofhandle case 312 due to the force exerted by the relaxation of triggerspring 328. Since ratchet 350, which is engaged with the proximal end ofSSM 160, is no longer in the immobilized condition, ratchet 350 and SSM160 move with inner sleeve 340 towards distal end 316 of handle case312. As a result, distal end 134 of barrel 130 moves distally fromdistal end 114 of housing 110. Ratchet pawl 354 returns to its startingposition, its axial movement limited by pawl pin 358. Pawl spring 356also relaxes to its starting position. Device 300 is now reset fordelivery of next dose of medicament.

FIG. 8 a is a partial cross-sectional side view of a third exemplaryembodiment of the medicament delivery device according to the presentinvention. The figure shows device 400 comprised of cartridge 100 (asdescribed in FIG. 4) and third embodiment actuator 410, which providesmeans for activating the means for retracting retractable barrel 130.

Actuator 410 is made with a handle case 412 and handle 413. Allcomponents of actuator 410 may be made from stainless steel, but couldbe made of any material that can be sterilized. Handle case and handlemay be formed as two pieces that can be screwed together. Handle case412 has a proximal portion 414 and a distal portion 416 having means forattaching cartridge 100. One suitable means for attaching the cartridgeis a tube tip 430, which is positioned at the distal portion 416 of theactuator device and may be attached to the handle by threading it ontohandle case 412. The tube tip may have an undercut 432 on its innersurface to retain cartridge 100.

In this third embodiment, actuator 410 converts a linear trigger motionto a proximal to distal linear motion. Actuator 410 has a lineardisplacement motor 420 located above handle 413. Motor 420 has adisplacement rod 422, trigger 424, and power source 426. In thisembodiment, power source 426 is a pair of batteries. It is to beunderstood that motor 420, trigger 424, and power source 426 areconnected with wires (not shown), so that pressing trigger 424 actuatesmotor 420, allowing movement of displacement rod 422.

Also within handle case 412 is a cannulated inner sleeve 440 having aproximal portion 442, a tapered distal portion 444 for interfacing innersleeve 440 with barrel extension 135 of barrel 130. Displacement rod 422is engaged with inner sleeve 440 via connection pin 425.

Within the cannulation of inner sleeve 440 is inner sleeve spring 448,and inner ratchet 450 with at least one step 452 (three steps shown inFIG. 8 a). The inner sleeve contains a recess for connecting a ratchetpawl 454 to the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve also contains a slot formaintaining the orientation between the pawl and the ratchet via a pin.A pawl spring 456 connects ratchet pawl 454 to a pin 455 in handle case412. Pawl spring 456 biases ratchet pawl 454 to remain engaged withfirst ratchet step 452. The axial movement of ratchet pawl 454 islimited by pawl pin 458. The distal end of inner ratchet 450 is engagedwith the proximal end of substantially stationary member (SSM) 160.Inner sleeve spring 448 is located within the cannulation of innersleeve 440, surrounding distal portion of inner ratchet 450 and biasingthe inner ratchet towards the proximal end 414 of handle case 412.

The proximal portion of the ratchet is placed in a clutch 466. Theclutch 466 pivots about a pin 467 located on the handle case 412 tocreate an immobilized condition, which controls the motion of theratchet only. A clutch rotational lever 462 rotates around a pin 463mounted in handle case 412. The clutch rotational lever is connected tothe clutch 466 via a spring 464, and controls the immobilized conditionof clutch 466.

FIG. 8 a shows medicament delivery device 400 according to the thirdembodiment of the present invention, prior to delivery of a first doseof the medicament. At this point, clutch 466 is in the immobilizedcondition, preventing the movement of ratchet 450. A dose of medicament140 is delivered by pressing trigger 424 in the direction of the arrowin FIG. 8 b. Pressing trigger 424 actuates motor 420, creating rearward(distal to proximal) movement of displacement rod 422. As displacementrod 422 is engaged with inner sleeve 440 via connection pin 425 rearward(distal to proximal) motion of displacement rod 422 is results inrearward motion of inner sleeve 440. As mentioned earlier, proximal end132 of barrel 130 is aligned with inner sleeve shoulder 186 (see FIG. 5b). Cartridge spring 150 biases barrel 130 towards proximal end 132 toprovide a distal to proximal motion for barrel 130 when inner sleeve 440moves towards proximal end 414 of handle case 412. At this point ratchet450, which is engaged with the proximal end of SSM 160, is in theimmobilized condition, so ratchet 450 and SSM 160 remain in a relativestationary position with respect to barrel 130 as barrel 130 movestowards proximal end 414 of handle case 412. The retracting motion ofbarrel 130 releases medicament 140 from distal opening 142 of barrel130, delivering the medicament to the delivery site.

Upon rearward motion (distal to proximal) of the inner sleeve, ratchetpawl 454 is lifted by pawl pin 458 to release the pawl foot from firstratchet tooth 452, and move it to the second ratchet tooth. The axialmovement of ratchet pawl 454 is then limited by pawl pin 458. Pawlspring 456 is now extended, and biases ratchet pawl 454 to remainengaged with second ratchet step 452. The motion of inner sleeve 440also rotates clutch rotational lever 462, pulling clutch 466 to theproximal direction to release the immobilized condition. At this point,inner sleeve spring 448 is compressed.

Once medicament dose has been delivered, medicament delivery device 400may be reset to prepare for next medicament delivery. Though not shown,device 400 is reset by reversing movement of displacement rod 422. Innersleeve 440 moves towards distal end 416 of handle case 412. Sinceratchet 450, which is engaged with the proximal end of SSM 160, is nolonger in the immobilized condition, ratchet 450 and SSM 160 move withinner sleeve 440 towards distal end 416 of handle case 412. As a result,distal end 134 of barrel 130 moves distally from distal end 114 ofhousing 110. Ratchet pawl 454 returns to its starting position, itsaxial movement limited by pawl pin 458. Pawl spring 456 also relaxes toits starting position. Device 400 is now reset for delivery of next doseof medicament.

Also included in this disclosure is a fourth embodiment of actuator formedicament delivery according to the present invention. This embodimentis shown in FIGS. 9 a and 9 b. In this embodiment, actuator 510, whichprovides means for activating the means for retracting retractablebarrel 130 of cartridge 100 (as described in FIG. 4), converts a lineartrigger motion to a proximal to distal linear motion. Actuator 510 ismade with a handle case 512 and trigger 520. Handle case 512 has aproximal portion 514 and a distal portion 516. Trigger 520 has ringcomponents 521 and 522, trigger block 524, spring plate 526, and spring528. Ring components 521 and 522 are affixed to trigger block 524, whilespring 528 is fixed between spring plate 526 and distal end of handlecase 512.

Also within handle case 512 is a cannulated inner sleeve 540 having aproximal portion 542, a tapered distal portion 544 for interfacing innersleeve 540 with retractable chamber of cartridge (not shown). Within thecannulation of inner sleeve 540 is inner ratchet 550 with at least onestep 552 (three steps shown in FIG. 9 b). The inner sleeve contains arecess for connecting a ratchet pawl 554 to the inner sleeve. The innersleeve also contains a slot for maintaining the orientation between thepawl and the ratchet. A pawl pin 556 to handle case 512. Pawl pin 556biases ratchet pawl 554 to remain engaged with first ratchet step 552.The distal end of inner ratchet 550 is engaged with the proximal end ofsubstantially stationary member SSM 160 of cartridge 100 (not shown).

First pulley 562 and second pulley 564 are mounted on inner sleeve 540and trigger block 524, respectively. Belt 566 is attached to springplate 526 and ring component 522, and overlaps pulleys 562 and 564. Theproximal portion of inner ratchet 550 is placed in a clutch 576. Theclutch 576 creates an immobilized condition, which controlled the motionof the ratchet only.

Prior to delivery of a first dose of the medicament, clutch 576 is inthe immobilized condition, preventing the movement of ratchet 550. Adose of medicament is delivered by pressing trigger 520 from theproximal portion 514 towards the distal portion 516 of handle case 512.This proximal to distal motion of trigger 520 is converted to a distalto proximal (rearward) motion of inner sleeve 540 by the actions ofpulleys 562 and 564. As in all other embodiments, the rearward motion ofinner sleeve 540 results in a rearward motion of the barrel of themedicament cartridge. Since ratchet 550, which is engaged with theproximal end of SSM 160, is in the immobilized condition, ratchet 550and SSM 160 remain in a relative stationary position with respect to thebarrel. The retracting motion of the barrel releases the medicament fromthe distal opening of the barrel, delivering the medicament to thedelivery site.

Also included in this disclosure is a fifth embodiment of actuator formedicament delivery according to the present invention. This embodimentis shown in FIGS. 10 a and 10 b. The figures show device 600 comprisedof cartridge 100 (as described in FIG. 4) and fifth embodiment actuator610, which provides means for activating the means for retractingretractable barrel 130.

Actuator 610 is made with a handle case 612. The handle case, as well asall other components of actuator 610, may be made from stainless steel,but could be made of any material that can be sterilized. Handle case612 may be formed as 2 pieces that can be screwed together, and isdesigned to provide means for gripping the actuator. Handle case 612 hasa proximal end 614 and a distal end 616. Distal end 616 has means forattaching cartridge 100. One suitable means for attaching the cartridgeis a tube tip 630 that is positioned at the distal end 616 of theactuator device and may be attached to the handle by threading it ontohandle case 612. The tube tip may have an undercut 632 on its innersurface to retain cartridge 100.

In this embodiment, actuator 610 converts a linear trigger motion to aproximal to distal linear motion. Actuator 610 has trigger button 620located on the upper surface at distal end 616 of handle case 612.Trigger button 620 has a catch 622, a flexure spring 624, and a catchspring 626. Within handle case 612 is a cannulated inner sleeve 640having a proximal portion 642, a tapered distal portion 644 forinterfacing inner sleeve 640 with barrel extension 135 of barrel 130,and a recess for engaging catch 622 of trigger button 620.

Within the cannulation of inner sleeve 640 is inner ratchet 650 with atleast one step 652 (three steps shown in FIG. 10 b). Catch spring 626biases catch 622 to remain engaged with first ratchet step 652. Thedistal end of inner ratchet 650 is engaged with the proximal end ofstationary substantially stationary member (SSM) 160.

Inner ratchet 650 is placed in a clutch 664. Clutch springs 666 createan immobilized condition for clutch 664, which controls the motion ofthe ratchet only. The proximal end of inner ratchet 650 has a radialspring 658 engaging inner ratchet with thumb button 660. Thumb button660 is cannulated, and inner ratchet return spring 672 is located in thecannulation of thumb button 660. Inner ratchet return spring 672 biasesinner ratchet 650 towards distal end 616 of handle case 612.

FIG. 10 b shows medicament delivery device 600 according to the presentinvention, prior to delivery of a first dose of the medicament. At thispoint, clutch 664 is not in the immobilized condition, allowing themovement of inner ratchet 650. Radial spring 658 engages inner ratchet650 with thumb button 660, so moving thumb button 660 will move innerratchet 650. Catch 622 is engaged with first ratchet step 652 and innersleeve 640, held in that position by catch spring 626. Catch spring 626also biases trigger button 620 radially outward from handle case 612.

A dose of medicament is delivered in two steps. In the first step, thumbbutton 660 is pressed towards the distal end 616 of handle case 612.Since inner ratchet 650 is engaged with thumb button 660, inner ratchetmoves towards the distal end 616 of handle case 612. Likewise, innersleeve 640, which is engaged with inner ratchet 650, moves towards thedistal end 616 of handle case 612. Also, barrel 130, which is engagedwith inner sleeve 640, moves towards the distal end 114 of housing 110.Cartridge spring 150 is compressed, creating a bias for moving barrel130 and inner sleeve 640 towards the proximal end 614 of handle case612. Clutch springs 666 are elongated, creating an immobilized conditionfor clutch 664.

In the second step, trigger button 620 is depressed into handle case612. Catch spring 626 is compressed, disengaging catch 622 from firstratchet step 652. Catch 622 passes form first to second ratchet step652. Cartridge spring 150 now elongates, moving barrel 130 and innersleeve 640 towards the proximal end 614 of handle case 612. Since clutch664 is in the immobilized condition, inner ratchet 650 and SSM 160remain in a relative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 asbarrel 130 moves towards proximal end 614 of handle case 612. Theretracting motion of barrel 130 releases medicament from distal opening142 of barrel 130, delivering the medicament to the delivery site.

Also included in this disclosure is a sixth embodiment of actuator formedicament delivery according to the present invention. This embodimentis shown in FIGS. 11 a through 11 j. The figures show device 800comprised of cartridge 100 (as described in FIG. 4) and sixth embodimentactuator 810, which provides means for activating the means forretracting retractable barrel 130. FIG. 11 a shows optional retainingcap 170 disposed on distal tip 138 to protect the medicament fromcontamination.

Actuator 810 is made with an outer handle case 812. The handle case, aswell as all other components of actuator 810, may be made from stainlesssteel, but could be made of any material that can be sterilized. Handlecase 812 may be formed as two pieces that can be screwed together, andis designed to provide means for gripping the actuator. Handle case 812has a proximal end 814 and a distal end 816. Distal end 816 has meansfor attaching cartridge 100. One suitable means for attaching thecartridge is a tube tip 830 that is positioned at the distal end 816 ofthe actuator device and may be attached to the handle by threading itonto handle case 812. The tube tip may have an undercut 832 on its innersurface to retain cartridge 100.

In this embodiment, actuator 810 converts a linear trigger motion to aproximal to distal linear motion. Actuator 810 has trigger button 820located on the upper surface at distal end 816 of handle case 812.Trigger button 820 has a flexure spring 824 for biasing trigger button820 towards the upper surface of handle case 812. Within handle case 812is a catch 822 and a catch spring 826, as well as a cannulated innersleeve 840 having a proximal portion 842, a tapered distal portion 844for interfacing inner sleeve 840 with barrel extension 135 of barrel130, and a recess for engaging catch 822.

Within the cannulation of inner sleeve 840 is inner sleeve spring 848,and inner ratchet 850 with at least one step 852 (three steps shown inFIGS. 11 a through 11 j). Catch spring 826 biases catch 822 to remainengaged with first ratchet step 852. Distal end of inner ratchet 850 isengaged with the proximal end of substantially stationary member (SSM)160 when device 800 is operational.

Inner sleeve spring 848 is located within the cannulation of innersleeve 840, surrounding the distal portion of inner ratchet 850, andbiasing inner ratchet 850 towards the proximal end 814 of handle case812. Inner sleeve stop 846 prevents inner sleeve 840 from progressingtowards the proximal end 814 of handle case 812.

Inner ratchet 850 is placed in a clutch 864. Clutch springs 866 createan immobilized condition for clutch 864, which controls the motion ofthe ratchet only. Inner ratchet catch 862 is attached to inner ratchet850 and is sized to prevent inner ratchet 850 from being removed fromhandle case 812. Inner ratchet return spring 872 is located in handlecase 812. Inner ratchet return spring 872 is engaged with inner ratchetcatch 862, and biases inner ratchet 850 towards distal end 816 of handlecase 812. Inner ratchet cap 860 may be disposed on proximal end of innerratchet 850 to provide comfort for the user of device 800.

FIG. 11 a shows the sixth exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device prior to connection between cartridge 100 and actuator810. As shown in FIG. 11 a, barrel 130 and SSM 160 are aligned withinner ratchet 850 prior to connection between cartridge 100 and actuator810.

To complete the connection of actuator 810 to cartridge 100, innerratchet 850 is moved distally (in the direction of SSM 160). This may beachieved by the user by holding handle case 812 stationary in the palmof the hand and pressing on inner ratchet cap 860 with the user's thumb.Since inner ratchet 850 is engaged with thumb button 860, inner ratchetmoves towards the distal end 816 of handle case 812. Likewise, innersleeve 840, which is engaged with inner ratchet 850, moves towards thedistal end 816 of handle case 812. Also, barrel 130, which is engagedwith inner sleeve 840, moves towards the distal end 114 of housing 110.Cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 are compressed,creating a bias for moving barrel 130 and inner sleeve 840 towards theproximal end 814 of handle case 812. Clutch springs 866 remainelongated, creating an immobilized condition for clutch 864.

FIG. 11 b shows the sixth exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device after connection between cartridge 100 and actuator 810.As shown in FIG. 11 b, cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848are in a compressed state, distal portion of inner ratchet 850 isengaged with the proximal end of SSM 160, trigger button 820 is alignedwith catch 822 and catch spring 826, and inner ratchet return spring 872is partially compressed. Catch 822 is engaged with first ratchet step852 and inner sleeve 840, held in that position by catch spring 826.Catch spring 826 and flexural spring 824 also bias trigger button 820radially outward from handle case 812.

To deliver a first dose of medicament, trigger button 820 is depressedinto handle case 812. As shown in FIG. 11 c, catch spring 826 iscompressed, disengaging catch 822 from first ratchet step 852. Catch 822passes from first to second ratchet step 852. As shown in FIG. 11 d,cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 now elongate, movingbarrel 130, inner sleeve 840, catch 822 and catch spring 826 towards theproximal end 814 of handle case 812. Since clutch 864 is in theimmobilized condition, inner ratchet 850 and SSM 160 remain in arelative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 as barrel 130moves towards proximal end 814 of handle case 812. The retracting motionof barrel 130 releases medicament from distal opening 142 of barrel 130,delivering the first dose of medicament to the delivery site.

To reset device 800 for delivery of a second dose of medicament, userholds handle case 812 stationary in the palm of the hand and presses oninner ratchet cap 860 with the user's thumb. Inner ratchet 850, engagedwith thumb button 860, moves towards the distal end 816 of handle case812. Likewise, inner sleeve 840, engaged with inner ratchet 850, movestowards the distal end 816 of handle case 812. Finally, barrel 130,engaged with inner sleeve 840, moves towards the distal end 114 ofhousing 110. Cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 arecompressed, creating a bias for moving barrel 130 and inner sleeve 840towards the proximal end 814 of handle case 812. Clutch springs 866 areelongated, creating an immobilized condition for clutch 864.

FIG. 11 e shows the sixth exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device reset for delivery of second medicament dose. As shownin FIG. 11 e, cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 are in acompressed state, trigger button 820 is aligned with catch 822 and catchspring 826, and inner ratchet return spring 872 is more compressed thanprior to first dose. Catch 822 is engaged with second ratchet step 852and inner sleeve 840, held in that position by catch spring 826. Catchspring 826 and flexural spring 824 also bias trigger button 820 radiallyoutward from handle case 812.

To deliver a second dose of medicament, trigger button 820 is depressedinto handle case 812. As shown in FIG. 11 f, catch spring 826 iscompressed, disengaging catch 822 from second ratchet step 852. Catch822 passes from second to third ratchet step 852. As shown in FIG. 11 g,cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 now elongate, movingbarrel 130, inner sleeve 840, catch 822 and catch spring 826 towards theproximal end 814 of handle case 812. Since clutch 864 is in theimmobilized condition, inner ratchet 850 and SSM 160 remain in arelative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 as barrel 130moves towards proximal end 814 of handle case 812. The retracting motionof barrel 130 releases medicament from distal opening 142 of barrel 130,delivering the second dose of medicament to the delivery site.

To reset device 800 for delivery of a third dose of medicament, userholds handle case 812 stationary in the palm of the hand and presses oninner ratchet cap 860 with the user's thumb. Inner ratchet 850, engagedwith thumb button 860, moves towards the distal end 816 of handle case812. Likewise, inner sleeve 840, engaged with inner ratchet 850, movestowards the distal end 816 of handle case 812. Finally, barrel 130,engaged with inner sleeve 840, moves towards the distal end 114 ofhousing 110. Cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 arecompressed, creating a bias for moving barrel 130 and inner sleeve 840towards the proximal end 814 of handle case 812. Clutch springs 866remain elongated, creating an immobilized condition for clutch 864.

FIG. 11 h shows the sixth exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device reset for delivery of a third medicament dose. As shownin FIG. 11 h, cartridge spring 150 is in a compressed state, triggerbutton 820 is aligned with catch 822 and catch spring 826, and innerratchet return spring 872 is more compressed than prior to first dose.Catch 822 is engaged with third ratchet step 852 and inner sleeve 840,held in that position by catch spring 826. Catch spring 826 and flexuralspring 824 also biases trigger button 820 radially outward from handlecase 812.

To deliver a third dose of medicament, trigger button 820 is depressedinto handle case 812. As shown in FIG. 11 i, catch spring 826 iscompressed, disengaging catch 822 from third ratchet step 852. As shownin FIG. 11 j, cartridge spring 150 and inner sleeve spring 848 nowelongate, moving barrel 130, inner sleeve 840, catch 822 and catchspring 826 towards the proximal end 814 of handle case 812. Since clutch864 is in the immobilized condition, inner ratchet 850 and SSM 160remain in a relative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 asbarrel 130 moves towards proximal end 814 of handle case 812. Theretracting motion of barrel 130 releases medicament from distal opening142 of barrel 130, delivering the third dose of medicament to thedelivery site.

Also included in this disclosure is a seventh embodiment of actuator formedicament delivery according to the present invention. This embodimentis shown in FIGS. 12 a through 12 e. The figures show device 900comprised of cartridge 100 (as described in FIG. 4) and seventhembodiment actuator 910, which provides means for activating the meansfor retracting retractable barrel 130. FIG. 12 a shows optionalretaining cap 170 disposed on distal tip 138 to protect the medicamentfrom contamination.

Actuator 910 is made with an outer handle case 912. The handle case, aswell as all other components of actuator 910, may be made from stainlesssteel, but could be made of any material that can be sterilized. Handlecase 912 may be formed as two pieces that can be screwed together, andis designed to provide means for gripping the actuator. Handle case 912has a proximal end 914 and a distal end 916. Distal end 916 has meansfor attaching cartridge 100. One suitable means for attaching thecartridge is a tube tip 930 that is positioned at the distal end 916 ofthe actuator device and may be attached to the handle by threading itonto handle case 912. The tube tip may have an undercut 932 on its innersurface to retain cartridge 100.

In this embodiment, actuator 910 converts a linear trigger motion to aproximal to distal linear motion. Actuator 910 has trigger button 920located on the upper surface at distal end 916 of handle case 912.Trigger button 920 has a flexure spring 924 for biasing trigger button920 towards the upper surface of handle case 912. Within handle case 912is a catch 922 and a catch spring 926, as well as a cannulated innersleeve 940 having a proximal portion 942, a tapered distal portion 944for interfacing inner sleeve 940 with barrel extension 135 of barrel130, and a recess for engaging catch 922.

Within the cannulation of inner sleeve 940 is inner ratchet 950 with atleast one catch step 952 (three steps shown in FIGS. 12 a through 12 e).Catch spring 926 biases catch 922 to remain engaged with first catchstep 952. Distal end of inner ratchet 950 is engaged with the proximalend of rod 956, which, in turn is engaged with substantially stationarymember (SSM) 160 when device 900 is operational.

Spring 150 is engaged with the tapered distal portion 944 of innersleeve 940, and biases inner sleeve 940 towards the proximal end 914 ofhandle case 912. Inner sleeve stop 946 prevents inner sleeve 940 fromprogressing towards the proximal end 914 of handle case 912.

Inner ratchet 950 is disposed in a ratchet guide 968 and a gate 964.Gate spring 966 biases gate 964 to remain engaged with inner ratchet 950distal to first gate step 954, preventing distal to proximal movement ofinner ratchet 950. Inner ratchet 950 is disposed in cannulation ofplunger 960. Plunger catch 962 is attached to plunger 960 and is sizedto prevent inner ratchet 950 from being removed from handle case 912.Inner ratchet return spring 972 is located in handle case 912. Innerratchet return spring 972 is engaged with plunger catch 962, and biasesinner ratchet 950 towards distal end 916 of handle case 912.

FIG. 12 a shows the seventh exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device prior to connection between cartridge 100 and actuator910. Barrel 130 and SSM 160 are aligned with inner ratchet 950 prior toconnection between cartridge 100 and actuator 910.

To complete the connection of actuator 910 to cartridge 100, innerratchet 950 is moved distally. This may be achieved by the user byholding handle case 912 stationary in the palm of the hand and pressingon plunger 960 with the user's thumb. Since inner ratchet 950 is engagedwith plunger 960, inner ratchet moves towards the distal end 916 ofhandle case 912. Likewise, inner sleeve 940, which is engaged with innerratchet 950, moves towards the distal end 916 of handle case 912. Also,barrel 130, which is engaged with inner sleeve 940, moves towards thedistal end 114 of housing 110. Cartridge spring 150 is compressed,creating a bias for moving barrel 130 and inner sleeve 940 towards theproximal end 914 of handle case 912. As inner ratchet 950 moves towardsthe distal end 916 of handle case 912, gate 964 passes to first gatestep 954. Gate spring 966 remains elongated, biasing gate 964 to remainengaged with first gate step 954, preventing distal to proximal movementof inner ratchet 950.

FIG. 12 b shows the seventh exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device after connection between cartridge 100 and actuator 910.As shown in the figure, cartridge spring 150 is in a compressed state,distal portion of inner ratchet 950 is engaged with the proximal end ofrod 956, which, in turn is engaged with SSM 160, trigger button 920 isaligned with catch 922 and catch spring 926, and inner ratchet returnspring 972 is partially compressed. Catch 922 is engaged with firstratchet step 952 and inner sleeve 940, is held in that position by catchspring 926. Catch spring 926 and flexural spring 924 also bias triggerbutton 920 radially outward from handle case 912. Gate spring 966remains elongated, gate 964 remains engaged with first gate step 954,preventing distal to proximal movement of inner ratchet 950.

To deliver a first dose of medicament, trigger button 920 is depressedinto handle case 912. Catch spring 926 is compressed, disengaging catch922 from first ratchet step 952. Catch 922 passes from first to secondratchet step 952. Cartridge spring 150 elongates, moving barrel 130,inner sleeve 940, catch 922 and catch spring 926 towards the proximalend 914 of handle case 912. Since inner ratchet 950 is not able to movein a distal to proximal direction, inner ratchet 950 and SSM 160 remainin a relative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 as barrel130 moves towards proximal end 914 of handle case 912. The retractingmotion of barrel 130 releases medicament from distal opening 142 ofbarrel 130, delivering the first dose of medicament to the deliverysite.

As shown in FIG. 12 c, cartridge spring 150 is in an elongated state,distal portion of inner ratchet 950 is engaged with the proximal end ofrod 956, which, in turn is engaged with SSM 160. Trigger button 920 isno longer aligned with catch 922 and catch spring 926, and inner ratchetreturn spring 972 is partially compressed. Catch 922 is engaged withsecond ratchet step 952 and inner sleeve 940, and is held in thatposition by catch spring 926. Catch spring 926 and flexural spring 924also bias trigger button 920 radially outward from handle case 912. Gatespring 966 remains elongated, gate 964 remains engaged with first gatestep 954, and inner ratchet 950 is not able to move in a distal toproximal direction.

To reset device 900 for delivery of a second dose of medicament, userholds handle case 912 stationary in the palm of the hand and presses onplunger 960 with the user's thumb. Inner ratchet 950, engaged withplunger 960, moves towards the distal end 916 of handle case 912.Likewise, inner sleeve 940, engaged with inner ratchet 950, movestowards the distal end 916 of handle case 912. Finally, barrel 130,engaged with inner sleeve 940, moves towards the distal end 114 ofhousing 110. Cartridge spring 150 is compressed, creating a bias formoving barrel 130 and inner sleeve 940 towards the proximal end 914 ofhandle case 912. As inner ratchet 950 moves towards the distal end 916of handle case 912, gate 964 passes from first to second gate step 954.Gate spring 966 remains elongated, biasing gate 964 to remain engagedwith second gate step 954, preventing distal to proximal movement ofinner ratchet 950.

FIG. 12 d shows the seventh exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device reset for delivery of second medicament dose. As shownin the figure, cartridge spring 150 is in a compressed state, triggerbutton 920 is aligned with catch 922 and catch spring 926, and innerratchet return spring 972 is more compressed than prior to first dose.Catch 922 is engaged with second ratchet step 952 and inner sleeve 940,and held in that position by catch spring 926. Catch spring 926 andflexural spring 924 also biases trigger button 920 radially outward fromhandle case 912.

To deliver a second dose of medicament, trigger button 920 is depressedinto handle case 912. Catch spring 926 is compressed, disengaging catch922 from second ratchet step 952. Catch 922 passes from second to thirdcatch step 952. Cartridge spring 150 elongates, moving barrel 130, innersleeve 940, catch 922 and catch spring 926 towards the proximal end 914of handle case 912. Since inner ratchet 950 is not able to move in adistal to proximal direction, inner ratchet 950 and SSM 160 remain in arelative stationary position with respect to barrel 130 as barrel 130moves towards proximal end 914 of handle case 912. The retracting motionof barrel 130 releases medicament from distal opening 142 of barrel 130,delivering the second dose of medicament to the delivery site.

As shown in FIG. 12 e, cartridge spring 150 is in an elongated state,distal portion of inner ratchet 950 is engaged with the proximal end ofrod 956, which, in turn is engaged with SSM 160. Trigger button 920 isno longer aligned with catch 922 and catch spring 926, and inner ratchetreturn spring 972 is more compressed than after delivery of first dose.Catch 922 is engaged with third ratchet step 952 and inner sleeve 940,and is held in that position by catch spring 926. Catch spring 926 andflexural spring 924 also bias trigger button 920 radially outward fromhandle case 912. Gate spring 966 remains elongated, gate 964 remainsengaged with second gate step 954, and inner ratchet 950 is not able tomove in a distal to proximal direction.

1. A cartridge for use in a device for inserting a medicament within acavity of a mammal, said cartridge comprising: a housing comprising aproximal portion and a distal portion, a retractable chamber disposedwithin said housing, said retractable chamber comprising a distal end,an internal surface, an external surface and a lumen having a uniformcross-section sized to contain said medicament therein, said lumendefined by said internal surface, said retractable chamber sized to fitwithin and extend from said distal portion of said housing, asubstantially stationary member disposed within said lumen of saidretractable chamber, said substantially stationary member having auniform cross-section sized to provide a sliding fit within said lumensuitable to provide for retraction of said retractable chamber aboutsaid substantially stationary member upon actuation of said device; andmeans for retracting said retractable chamber about said substantiallystationary member while maintaining said substantially stationary memberin a substantially stationary position upon actuation of said device. 2.The cartridge of claim 1 wherein a distal tip of said retractablechamber has a uniform external cross-section sized to fit within saidbody cavity.
 3. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein said means forretracting said retractable barrel comprises a spring disposed aboutsaid retractable chamber.
 4. The cartridge of claim 1 wherein saidproximal portion of said housing comprises means for connecting saidcartridge to means for actuating said device.
 5. The cartridge of claim1 further comprising said medicament disposed within said chamber. 6.The cartridge of claim 5 comprising multiple doses of said medicament.7. The cartridge of claim 5 wherein said medicament comprises a drymicroparticle composition.
 8. The cartridge of claim 5 wherein saidmedicament is selected from the group consisting of antibacterials,antibiotics, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents,immunosuppressive agents, immunostimulatory agents, dentinaldesensitizers, odor masking agents, immune reagents, anesthetics,antiseptics, nutritional agents, antioxidants, lipopolysaccharidecomplexing agents, peroxides and growth factors.
 9. The cartridge ofclaim 5 wherein said medicament is selected from the group consisting oftetracycline, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a tetracycline,hydrates of a tetracycline and hydrates of a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt of a tetracycline.
 10. The cartridge of claim 5 wherein saidmedicament is selected from the group consisting of doxycycline, apharmaceutically acceptable salt of doxycycline, hydrates ofdoxycycline, hydrates of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ofdoxycycline, minocycline, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ofminocycline, hydrates of minocycline and hydrates of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of minocycline.
 11. The cartridge of claim 1 whereinsaid cavity is a periodontal pocket of said mammal.
 12. The cartridge ofclaim 10 wherein said cavity is a periodontal pocket of said mammal.